Women and Racism in Kamala Harris’ Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Novia Kurnia Tsani, Dwijani Ratnadewi

Abstract


Critical Discourse Analysis is an approach to studying a text to increase the reader's awareness of the meaning behind and the real purpose of the text. Previous studies analyzed texts with a general CDA approach, while this research focuses on a specific topic, namely women and racism. Using Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional critical discourse analysis theory and Van Dijk's sociocognitive approach, this study aims to analyze the types and uses of women's issues and racism, as well as the personal and impersonal motivations behind Kamala Harris' speeches. A total of three speeches and their scripts were selected and categorized based on the indicators of women's issues and racism. This study revealed five types and use of racism issues for women of colour that Kamala Harris raised in her speeches, namely women of colour in the economy, education, civil and society, justice, and health care. Her motivation was a call to take action against women of colour's injustice.


Keywords


Critical Discourse Analysis; Racism; Women of Color

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amina, Ms. F. A. Mrs. B., & Ashouak, Ms. G. (2020). People ’ s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University L ’ Arbi Ben Mhidi Oum El Bouaghi Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of Letters and English Language Women and US Politics : Racism and Gend.

Awwaliyah, F., & Ratnadewi, D. (2015). a Critical Discourse Analysis of Tony Abbott’S Statements Related To the Spying Allegation Towards Indonesia. Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 105–114.

Baciu, A., Negussie, Y., Geller, A., & N, J. (2017). Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity. National Academies Press.

Black, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M. T., & Chen, J., & Stevens, M. R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report.

Bracic, A., Israel-Trummel, M., & Shortle, A. F. (2019). Is Sexism for White People? Gender Stereotypes, Race, and the 2016 Presidential Election. Political Behavior, 41(2), 281–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-018-9446-8

Breonna Taylor: What happened on the night of her death? - BBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54210448

Burns, C., Barton, K., & Kerby, S. (2012). The State of Diversity in Today’s Workforce. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2012/07/12/11938/the-state-of-diversity-in-todays-workforce/

Callaham, S. (2020). America May Be Rooted In Racism And Sexism, But There Is Always Hope For Change. https://www.forbes.com/sites/sheilacallaham/2020/10/29/america-may-be-rooted-in-racism-and-sexism-but-there-is-always-hope-for-change/?sh=21402fa6695b

Carnevale, A. P., Cheah, B., & Strohl, J. (2012). Hard Times: College Majors, Unemployment and Earnings: Not All College Degrees Are Created Equal. Center on Education and the Workforce, 4–17.

Coles, S. M., & Pasek, J. (2020). Intersectional invisibility revisited: How group prototypes lead to the erasure and exclusion of Black women. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 6(4), 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000256

COVID-19 Provisional Counts - Weekly Updates by Select Demographic and Geographic Characteristics. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid_weekly/index.htm#Race_Hispanic

Edwards, F., Lee, H., & Esposito, M. (2019). Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(34), 16793–16798. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821204116

Erika, H., & Statistician, B. (2007). Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report Black Victims of Violent Crime. August, 1–12. www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cv05.htm

Gandhi, L. (2020). 5 Black Suffragists Who Fought for the 19th Amendment—And Much More. https://www.history.com/news/black-suffragists-19th-amendment

Hochschild, J. L., & Shen, F. X. (2014). Race, Ethnicity, and Education Policy. In: Oxford Handbook of Racial and Ethnic Politics in America. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566631.013.7

Jalali, M. S. N., & Sadeghi, B. (2014). A Critical Discourse Analysis of Political Speech of Four Candidates of Rasht City Council Elections in 2013, with a View to Fairclough Approach. European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, 2(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p8-18

John L. Haney. (1944). Of the People, by the People, for the People. American Philosophical Society, 88(5), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.35.906.756-a

Khan, A. H., Shabbir, Dr. T., Ansari, U., Nadeemullah, Dr. M., & Shazli. (2021). Central asian journal of literature, philosophy and culture. Central Asian Jurnal of LIterature, Philosophy and Culture, 02(04), 90–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47494/cajlpc.v2i4.109

Mullet, D, R. (2018). A General Critical Discourse Analysis Framework for Educational Research. Journal of Advanced Academics, 29(2), 116–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X18758260

Orentlicher, D. (2012). Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Law Rights to Health Care in the United States: Inherently Unstable Rights to Healthcare in the United States: Inherently Unstable. In American Journal of Law & Medicine (Vol. 38). http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpubhttp://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/1054

Pei, S. (2017). White Supremacism and Racial Conflict in the Trump Era. International Critical Thought, 7(4), 592–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2017.1405665

Personal Income: PINC-05. (n.d.). Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/cps-pinc/pinc-05.html

Quick Facts About the Gender Wage Gap - Center for American Progress. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2021, from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2020/03/24/482141/quick-facts-gender-wage-gap/

Rachman, A., & Yunianti, S. (2017). Critical discourse analysis in donald trump presidential campaign to win american ’ s heart. TELL Journal, 5(2), 8–17.

Rattani, A. (2021). Interpersonal Racism in the Healthcare Workplace: Examining Insidious Collegial Interactions Reinforcing Structural Racism. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 49(2), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2021.44

Riley, W. J. (2012). Health disparities: gaps in access, quality and affordability of medical care. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 123, 167. /pmc/articles/PMC3540621/

Robbinson, L. S. (2003). I Will Survive. Seal Press.

Scott, E. (2021). Black Females are Also Victimized By Nation’s Criminal Justice System. https://www.ncbcp.org/programs/bwr/black_females_victimized_criminal_justice_system/

Shook, N. J., Fitzgerald, H. N., Boggs, S. T., Ford, C. G., Hopkins, P. D., & Silva, N. M. (2020). Sexism, racism, and nationalism: Factors associated with the 2016 U.S. Presidential election results? PLoS ONE, 15(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229432

Spates, K., Evans, N., James, T. A., & Martinez, K. (2020). Gendered Racism in the Lives of Black Women: A Qualitative Exploration. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(8), 583–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420962257

The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Women of Color - SWHR. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2021, from https://swhr.org/the-disproportionate-impact-of-covid-19-on-women-of-color/

The World’s 100 Most Powerful Women 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/power-women/#585a43215e25

United Nation. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

U.S. Census Bureau. (2019). U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Oakland city, California. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/oaklandcitycalifornia

Dijk, V. T. A. (1999). Discourse and Racism. Discourse & Society, 10(2), 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002001

Dijk, V. T. A. (2008). Discourse and Context A sociocognitive approach. Cambridge University Press. www.cambridge.org

Dijk, V. T. A. (2011). Ideology and discourse. A Multidisciplinary Introduction. Pompeu Fobra University, Barcelona.

West, L. M., Donovan, R. A., & Roemer, L. (2010). Coping with racism: What works and doesn’t work for Black women? Journal of Black Psychology, 36(3), 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798409353755

Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (2009). Critical Discourse Analysis: History, Agenda, Theory, and Methodology. In R. Wodak, & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods for Critical Discourse Analysis. SAGE Publication Ltd.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ling.v8i1.5533

Copyright (c) 2022 Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching

Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris, Gedung C.4.2
Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Tadris
UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
Jl.Raden Fatah, Pagar Dewa Kota Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Telp. (0736)51171,51172,51276 Fax.(0736) 51172
Website : http://iainbengkulu.ac.id/
Email : linguists@iainbengkulu.ac.id 

 

 

INDEXED BY

Related image